Kubernetes-service资源

发布于 2021-08-30  48 次阅读


Service概念

K8S的service定义了一种抽象:一个Pod的逻辑分组,一种可以访问它们的策略--通常称为微服务。

这一组Pod能够被Service访问到,通常是通过Label Selector

Service能够提供负载均衡的能力,但是在使用上有限制:
     只提供4层负载均衡能力,而没有7层功能,但有时我们需要更多的匹配规则来转发请求,这点上4层负载均衡是不支持的

service的类型

  • ClusterIP:默认类型,自动分配一个仅Cluster内部可以访问的虚拟IP
  • NodePort:在ClusterIP基础上为Service在每台机器上绑定一个端口,这样就可以通过<NodeIP>:NodePort来访问该

服务

  • LoadBalancer:在NodePort的基础上,借助cloud provider创建一个外部负载均衡器,并将请求转发到<NodeIP>:NodePort
  • ExternalName:把集群外部的服务引入到集群内部来,在集群内部直接使用。没有任何类型代理被创建

代理模式分类

1、userspace代理模式

2、iptables代理模式

3、ipvs代理模式

这种模式,kube-proxy会监视K8S的Service对象和Endpoints,调用netlink接口以相应地创建IPVS规则并定期与K8S

service对象同步IPVS规则,以确保ipvs状态与期望一致。访问服务时,流量将被重定向到其中一个后端Pod

与iptables类似,ipvs于netfilter的hook功能,但使用哈希表作为底层数据结构并在内核空间中工作。

这意味着ipvs可以更快地重定向流量,并且在同步代理规则时具有更好的性能。此外,ipvs为负载均衡算法提供了更多

选项,例:

  • Rr:轮询
  • Lc:最小连接数
  • Dh:目标哈希
  • Sh:源哈希
  • Sed:最短期望延迟
  • nq:不排队调度

实验:

[root@k8s-master01 service]# cat server.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp-deploy
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
      release: stable
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
        release: stable
        env: test
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: wangyanglinux/myapp:v1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
[root@k8s-master01 service]# cat service.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    name: http
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: myapp
    release: stable
  type: ClusterIP

Headless Service:

有时不需要或不想要负载均衡,以及单独的ClusterIP,可以通过指定ClusterIP(spec.clusterip)的值为"None"来创建Headless Service。

这类Service并不会分配Cluster IP,Kube-proxy不会处理他们,而且平台也不会它们进行负载均衡和路由

[root@k8s-master01 service]# cat headless-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp-headless
spec:
  selector:
    app: myapp
  clusterIP: "None"
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
dig -t A myapp-headless.default.svc.cluster.local. @10.244.0.9

解析出来分配的IP依然是Pod的

kubectl get pod -o wide

NodePort

在node上开一个端口,将向该端口的流量导入到kube-proxy,然后有kube-proxy进一步到给对应的pod

[root@k8s-master01 service]# cat nodeport-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: myapp
    release: stable
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80

LoadBalancer

LoadBalancer和nodeport其实是同一种方式。区别在于LoadBalancer比nodeport多了一步,就是可以调用cloud provider去创建LB来向节点导流。

ExternalName

这种类型的Service通过返回CNAME和它的值,可以将服务映射到ExternalName字段的内容(例:test.k8s.com)。ExternalName

Service是Service的特例,它没有selector,也没有定义任何的端口和Endpoint。相反的对于运行在集群外部的服务,它通过返回该外部服务的别名这种方式来提供服务

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service-1
spec:
  type: ExternalName
  externalName: k8s.test.com

当查询主机my-service.default.svc.cluster.local(SVC_NAME.NAMESPACE.svc.cluster.local)时,集群的DNS服务将返回一个值my.database.example.com的CNAME记录。访问这个服务的工作方式和其他的相同,唯一不同的是重定向发生在DNS层,

而且不会进行代理或转发

Ingress相关

ingress-controller的安装

国内安装ingress-controller拉去不了镜像

方法1:有国外服务器,在国外服务器上下载,下载好后将镜像导出来,打入node节点里面

方法2:在dockerhub上搜索看看是否有别人同步的镜像,在服务器上pull下来后重新打tag

$docker pull liangjw/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.0
$docker pull willdockerhub/ingress-nginx-controller:v1.0.0

$docker tag willdockerhub/ingress-nginx-controller:v1.0.0 k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.0.0
$docker tag liangjw/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.0 k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.0
需要注意的是:
     1.node节点需要这镜像,所以可以通过镜像导入来实现
     下载节点执行命令
$docker save ef43679c2cae -o /root/ingress-nginx-controller_v1.tar
$docker save 17e55ec30f20 -o /root/ingress-nginx-kube-webhook-certgen_v1.tar
      node节点执行命令
$docker tag ef43679c2cae k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.0.0
$docker tag 17e55ec30f20 k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.0

完成后运行命令:

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
ingress-nginx-admission-create-f9bqh        0/1     Completed   0          22m
ingress-nginx-admission-patch-nrxft         0/1     Completed   0          22m
ingress-nginx-controller-7fc4b4c548-mqgzz   1/1     Running     0          22m

实验:

http访问

配置:

deployment1.yaml

---

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

  name: deployment1

spec:

  replicas: 2

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      name: nginx1

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        name: nginx1

    spec:

      containers:

        - name: nginx1

          image: wangyanglinux/myapp:v1

          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

          ports:

            - containerPort: 80

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: nginx-svc1

spec:

  ports:

    - port: 80

      targetPort: 80

      protocol: TCP

  selector:

    name: nginx1

deployment2.yaml

---

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

  name: deployment2

spec:

  replicas: 2

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      name: nginx2

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        name: nginx2

    spec:

      containers:

        - name: nginx2

          image: wangyanglinux/myapp:v2

          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

          ports:

            - containerPort: 80

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: nginx-svc2

spec:

  ports:

    - port: 80

      targetPort: 80

      protocol: TCP

  selector:

    name: nginx2

上面为DM和SVC的配置

下面为ingress的配置:

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# cat ingressrule.yaml

---

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Ingress

metadata:

  name: ingress1

spec:

  rules:

    - host: www1.k8s-test.com

      http:

        paths:

        - path: /

          backend:

            serviceName: nginx-svc1

            servicePort: 80

---

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Ingress

metadata:

  name: ingress2

spec:

  rules:

    - host: www2.k8s-test.com

      http:

        paths:

        - path: /

          backend:

            serviceName: nginx-svc2

            servicePort: 80

实现nginx(ingress)根据不同资源走不同SVC访问

HTTPS访问

1、创建证书,以及cert存储方式

openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/cn=nginxsvc/O=nginxsvc"

kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt

2、Deployment、Service、Ingree yaml文件

[root@k8s-master01 https]# cat deployment1.yaml

---

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

  name: deployment3

spec:

  replicas: 2

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      name: nginx3

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        name: nginx3

    spec:

      containers:

        - name: nginx3

          image: wangyanglinux/myapp:v3

          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

          ports:

            - containerPort: 80

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: nginx-svc3

spec:

  ports:

    - port: 80

      targetPort: 80

      protocol: TCP

  selector:

    name: nginx3

[root@k8s-master01 https]# cat https.yaml

---

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Ingress

metadata:

  name: https

spec:

  tls:

    - hosts:

      - www3.k8s-test.com

      secretName: tls-secret

  rules:

    - host: www3.k8s-test.com

      http:

        paths:

        - path: /

          backend:

            serviceName: nginx-svc3

            servicePort: 80        

创建好后,使用kubectl get svc -n ingresss-nginx 命令获取443对应的端口

443:30961/TCP

nginx进行BasicAuth

yum install -y httpd

htpasswd -c auth foo

kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=auth

[root@k8s-master01 basic-auth]# cat ingress-auth.yaml

---

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Ingress

metadata:

  name: ingress-with-auth

  annotations:

    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic

    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth

    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: 'Authentication Required - foo'

spec:

  rules:

  - host: auth.k8s-test.com

    http:

      paths:

      - path: /

        backend:

          serviceName: nginx-svc1

          servicePort: 80

Nginx进行重写

NameDescriptionValues
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target        必须将流量重定向到的目标URIstring
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect        指示位置部分是否仅可访问SSL(Ingress包含证书时默认为True)bool
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect        即使未启用TLS,也强制将重定向到HTTPS        bool
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root        定义如果在“ /”上下文中,控制器必须重定向的应用程序根        string
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex        指示在Ingress上定义的路径是否使用正则表达式        bool

实验目的:

配置:

[root@k8s-master01 redirect]# cat redirect.yaml

---

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Ingress

metadata:

  name: nginx-test

  annotations:

    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: https://www3.k8s-test.com:30961

spec:

  rules:

  - host: redirect.k8s-test.com

    http:

      paths:

      - path: /

        backend:

          serviceName: nginx-svc1

          servicePort: 80